Brown V. Board of Education (1954) : Landmark civil right's case in which the U.S. Supreme Court ruled against segregated schools. This decision paved the way for parents of children with disabilities to bring lawsuits against their school districts.
Handicapped Children's Early Education Assistance Act of 1968 : This act provided for the establishment of 75-100 model programs designed to develop successful approaches assisting those with disabilities and their families. This program no longer exists.
Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children (PARC) v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania : In the early 70's PARC brought a lawsuit against the state of Pennsylvania on behalf of children with mental retardation in that state. It was found that Pennsylvania could not deny any child access to an education.
Mills v. Board of Education : Families of children with disabilities sued the District of Columbia public schools who refused to pay for the education of their children. The Supreme Court found that no school district could deny students access to free public education and that the district was responsible for providing services that are appropriate to the student's needs regardless of costs or disability.
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 : This act mandated that persons with disabilities should have equal access to state and federally funded programs and services and should be able to participate in the activities of these programs.
The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 : This act prohibited discrimination against individuals with disabilities in employment settings, public places, transportation, and telecommunication services.
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1990 (IDEA) : Since 1975 Congress has renamed and amended this act several times. In general this act provides a set of guidelines regarding the rights of children with disabilities and their families to services and support.
The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (Public Law 107-110) (NCLB) : NCLB reauthorized the ESEA which is the main federal law specifying the education that needs to be provided to all children in the US from K-12. It's emphasis on accountability mandates that school personnel need to include those with disabilities in their system.
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